Memory

Memory is the retention of information over a period of time. We remember the first and last thing we hear (primary-recency effect), something we have heard more than once and something unusual. There are three processes involved with memory, these include, encoding, storage and retrieval.
Encoding is a process by which information is converted into codes so it is represented mentally through our senses. Storage is the process of retaining information over time. Retrieval involves taking information out of storage from the long term memory.
What we remember depends on our physical factors (Development of the brain), psychological factors  (Emotions and feelings), and behavioural factors  (Strategies to improve memory)
There are three types of memory: Immediate, short term and long term memory.
Immediate memory can only hold information for a few seconds. Short term memory Has a limited capacity (30 seconds) however, with rehearsal information can be kept longer. STM can be assessed through the memory span task. Long term memory has an unlimited capacity and can work for indefinite periods of time. There are two types of LTM, these include episodic/autobiographical memory and flashbulb memory. Episodic memory refers to information about event/episodes in our own life (personal events e.g. riding a bike) Flashbulb memory refers to emotional moments in our lives, memories become are vivid and complete, the individual has an intense emotional connection. (includes knowledge of the world e.g.9/11)
Infant Amnesia is the inability to remember events before the age of three. This is due to the immature pre-frontal lobes of the brain.

How can we improve memory? 

We can improve memory through the following techniques:

Mnemonics-Rhyme
Loci method
Acronyms
Jingles-Rhythm
Rote memorisation

Strategies to improve memory?

Below are eight strategies to improve memory.

1. Elaboration
2. Rote
3. Rehearsal
4. Organisation
5. Making notes
6. Motivation
7. Association
8. Imagery